Idan ka tsaya kusa da cycad, ko ka kalli sama ka ga tsuntsu yana tashi sama — shin ka taɓa yin mamaki: waɗannan rayuwar da aka saba gani a da sun taɓa shaida mulkin dinosaurs? Su ne "ƙasusuwan halittu masu rai" waɗanda ke raba duniyarmu, ainihin "'yan asalin" zamanin dinosaur. A yau, bari mu san waɗannan "maƙwabtan dinosaur" waɗanda suka wuce ɗaruruwan shekaru miliyan kuma har yanzu suna zaune tare da mu.
Tsohuwar Zuriyar Tsirrai
Tsibirin Cycads sun kasance babban abin da ake ci a cikin jerin dinosaurs. Asalinsu za a iya gano shi tun zamanin Devonian, kimanin shekaru miliyan 350 da suka wuce. Yawancin burbushin cycad da aka samu a yau sun samo asali ne daga Permian, amma sun shahara a duniya a lokacin Mesozoic, daga Triassic zuwa Cretaceous. Ganyayyakinsu masu tauri, masu gashin fuka-fukai da kuma gangar jikinsu masu arzikin sitaci sun samar da kuzari mai yawa ga manyan dinosaurs masu cin ganyayyaki. A cikin gadon burbushin dinosaur a duk faɗin China - gami da Zigong da Gansu - masana kimiyya sau da yawa suna gano burbushin ganyen cycad da aka adana tare da sawun dinosaur da ƙasusuwa.
Ginkgo tatsuniya ce a masarautar shuka - nau'in ta, tsari, iyali, da kuma nau'in ta sun ƙunshi nau'in halitta guda ɗaya kawai: Ginkgo biloba, wanda yake tsaye shi kaɗai. Ginkgo ya fara bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 345 da suka gabata a lokacin Carboniferous kuma ya bazu a duniya a lokacin Mesozoic. A cikin burbushin halittar farko na Jehol Biota da aka gano a Lardin Liaoning, an gano ganyen ginkgo a binne tare da dinosaur masu gashin fuka-fukai da tsuntsayen farko. Rayuwar ginkgo har zuwa yau wani ɓangare ne saboda ƙarfinsa mai ban mamaki: mahaɗan sinadarai a cikin ganyayyakinsa suna tsayayya da kwari da cututtuka, yayin da saman tsaba na waje ya ƙunshi abubuwan hana ƙwayoyin cuta. A ƙarshen kaka, waɗannan ganyen zinare, masu siffar fan suna gaisuwa ga ɗaruruwan miliyoyin shekaru.
Metasequoia (wayewar rana), Sequoia (redwood na bakin teku), Sequoiadendron (babban sequoia), da kuma nau'ikan cypress da yawa duk suna da kakanninsu kai tsaye waɗanda suka taɓa girma tare da dinosaurs. A cikin sanannen Petrified Forest National Park a yammacin Amurka, babban itace mai ban tsoro ya samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen Triassic - lokacin da dinosaurs ke fara tasowa. Waɗannan manyan bishiyoyi sun kafa babban yanayin daji inda dinosaurs ke zaune. Gano Metasequoia a lardin Hubei, China, a cikin 1941 ya kasance abin mamaki musamman - an yi masa lakabi da "burbushin halittu mai rai" saboda masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa ya ɓace, wanda aka sani kawai daga tarihin burbushin halittu.
Tsoffin Jinin Halitta a Masarautar Dabbobi
Kada na zamani, kada, da kuma tsuntsayen gorilla suna da kamanceceniya a siffa da salon rayuwa da kakanninsu na Cretaceous. Misali, shahararren Sarcosuchus ya rayu kimanin shekaru miliyan 110 da suka gabata a Afirka, inda ya kai tsawon mita 12 kuma ya tsaya a matsayin babban mafarauci na zamaninsa. Dabarun farautar su na rabin ruwa, wanda aka yi wa kwanton bauna ya tabbatar da cewa "tsari ne mai nasara," wanda aka samu a hankali ta hanyar sauye-sauyen muhalli masu ban mamaki. Zuciyar kada mai ɗakuna huɗu mai rikitarwa da kuma tsarin rayuwa na musamman sune halaye da suka taimaka musu su tsira daga bala'in da ya faru shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata.
Tuatara, wanda ke zaune a wasu tsibiran New Zealand kaɗan, shine kaɗai wakilin da ya rage a cikin tsarin Rhynchocephalia. Wannan rukunin ya kasance mai bambancin ra'ayi sosai a lokacin Triassic, yana rayuwa tare da farkon dinosaurs. Saurin juyin halittar tuatara ya kasance mai jinkiri sosai - tsarin kwanyarsa da "ido na parietal" na uku (wani gabobi mai fahimtar haske) kusan iri ɗaya ne da na kakanninsa na burbushin halittu daga shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata. Nazarin tuatara kamar leƙawa ne ta taga mai rai zuwa ga halittu masu rarrafe na zamanin dinosaur.
Ko da yake suna zaune a cikin teku, wanzuwar kaguwa ta doki abin mamaki ne. Suna cikin subphylum Chelicerata, wanda hakan ya sa suka fi kusanci da gizo-gizo da kunamai fiye da ainihin kaguwa. Kakanni na ƙaguwa ta doki sun samo asali ne tun zamanin Ordovician, kuma siffar kaguwa ta doki ta zamani an kafa ta ne kusan shekaru miliyan 200 da suka wuce. Jininsu mai launin shuɗi na musamman (wanda ke ɗauke da ions na jan ƙarfe) yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga gwajin likita. Yayin da dinosaur ke mulkin ƙasar, kakannin kaguwa ta doki suna yawo a cikin teku mai zurfi - kuma har yanzu suna riƙe da kusan kamanni ɗaya a yau.
Waɗannan "maƙwabtan dinosaur" sun fi abubuwan al'ajabi. Su ne tarihin rayuwar juyin halittar duniya. A cikin kwayoyin halittarsu, hanyoyin ilimin halittar jiki, da kuma ayyukan muhalli akwai mabuɗin fahimtar dabarun daidaitawa na rayuwar da ta gabata. A lokaci guda, da yawa daga cikinsu suna fuskantar barazanar zamani kamar lalata muhalli da sauyin yanayi. Kare su yana nufin kare wani sabon abu na rayuwa, wanda har yanzu yake bayyana.
Lokaci na gaba da za ka bi diddigin jijiyoyin ganyen ginkgo, ko kuma ka yi mamakin kallon kada na da, ka tuna — kana taɓa wani abu mai rai da ya shafi zamanin dinosaur. Suna nan a nan, suna zaune tare da mu, suna ba da labarin zurfin lokaci da juriyar rayuwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-28-2026
