Kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.6 da suka wuce, Zamanin Kankara na Quaternary ya fara. Duniya ta shiga cikin dogon lokaci na sanyi - manyan kankara sun faɗaɗa daga sandunan, suna rufe manyan sassan Arewacin Duniya, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na duniya daga 5°C zuwa 10°C ƙasa da na yau. A cikin irin wannan yanayi mai wahala, ƙungiyar ƙattai sun bunƙasa a kan kankara da tundra. Suna sanye da gashi mai kauri, dauke da manyan ƙaho ko harsashi masu sulke, sun jure wa sanyin da ya yi tsanani ta hanyoyinsu. Sun yi tafiya a Duniya ta cikin Pleistocene, amma sun ɓace yayin da Zamanin Kankara na ƙarshe ya kusa ƙarewa.
Mammoth na Woolly: Babban Katon Filayen Kankara
Wannan dabbar ulu ita ce dabba mafi shahara a zamanin kankara. An san ta da suna Mammuthus primigenius a kimiyance, an lulluɓe ta da gashin da ke da kauri, launin ruwan kasa mai launin zinari ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja - wani nau'in gashi na halitta wanda ke iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -50°C.
Mammoth ɗin ulu ya fi giwayen zamani girma - yana tsaye har zuwa mita 3 a kafada kuma yana da nauyin kimanin tan 6. Hakoran mata yawanci suna da mita 1.5 zuwa 2, yayin da hakoran maza matsakaicinsu ya kai mita 2.2 zuwa 2.5, wasu kuma sun wuce mita 3. Mafi kyawun fasalinsa shine hakoransa masu lanƙwasa sosai, tare da ƙarshensu suna nunawa ciki - kamar manyan tsintsiya biyu. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa mammoth ɗin ya yi amfani da waɗannan hakoran don share dusar ƙanƙara da isa ga ciyawar da ke ƙasa.
A masana'antar Hualong, dabbar mu mai kama da ulu tana sake ƙirƙirar waɗannan siffofi da aminci: laushin gashin da ke da laushi, manyan haƙoran da ke lanƙwasa, da kuma ƙarfin jiki. Motsinta sun haɗa da ƙyaftawa, girgiza gangar jiki, da kuma motsi kai da wutsiya - wanda ya dace da gidajen tarihi, wuraren shakatawa, da kuma nunin kasuwanci.
Karkanda Mai Sulke: Karkanda Mai Zaman Kankara Sanye Da Sulke
A cikin filayen kankara da ke kusa da babban dabbar akwai karkanda mai ulu. Tana zaune a yankunan arewacin Eurasia, tana da tsawon mita 3.5 zuwa 4, tsayinta ya kai mita 2 zuwa 3 a kafada, kuma tana da nauyin har zuwa tan 7 - ta fi karkata farar karkanda ta zamani girma kaɗan. Duk jikinta an lulluɓe ta da kauri da kuma kitse mai kauri don kare ta. Tare da kunnuwanta masu tsayi, gajerun gaɓoɓinta masu ƙarfi, da kuma ƙaramin firam, ta dace da sanyi sosai. Mafi kyawun fasalin karkanda mai ulu shine ƙahonta biyu a hancinta - ƙaho na gaba yana da tsayi kuma yana lanƙwasa baya, ƙaho na baya ya fi guntu. Ba kamar ƙahonin mazugi na karkanda na zamani ba, ƙahonin karkanda mai ulu an daidaita su.
Burbushin karkanda mai ulu yana yaɗuwa sosai a arewacin Eurasia, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin nau'in karkanda mafi bunƙasa a Zamanin Kankara. Ya rayu har zuwa kimanin shekaru 11,000 da suka gabata, yana ɓacewa tare da zamanin ƙanƙara.
Karda mai kama da ulu na Hualong yana sake ƙirƙirar gashinta mai kauri da ƙahoni biyu masu kama da juna - daga ƙarfin jikinta zuwa girman ƙasusuwanta masu ƙarfi, kowane daki-daki yana nuna mawuyacin yanayin filayen kankara. Yana dawo da wannan nau'in da ya daɗe yana rayuwa, yana aiki a matsayin shaida mai ƙarfi ga bambancin da kuma iya daidaitawa na dabbobi masu shayarwa na zamanin kankara.
Ground Sloth: Jarumi Mai Rashin Hankali Mai Manyan Takobi
A cikin fim ɗin Ice Age mai rai, Sid mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa ya bar wani abu mai ɗorewa ga masu kallo. Amma a ainihin Zamanin Ice, akwai raƙuman ruwa da suka fi Sid girma sosai - suna zaune a ƙasa, suna da girma, kuma ba sa yin jinkiri sosai. Sloth na ƙasa (Megatherium) shine mafi shahara a irinsa, yana da nauyin har zuwa tan 5 - ya fi girma fiye da giwar Asiya ta yau. Farantansa suna da girma - sun kai tsawon santimita 40, sun wuce haƙoran kyanwa mai hakoran saber. Waɗannan manyan faratan makamai ne masu ƙarfi da yanayi ya bayar.
Lokacin da ya fuskanci mafarauta kamar kyanwar da ke da haƙoran saber, ɗan ƙasa bai yi ƙoƙarin guduwa ba (ba zai iya tsere musu ba). Madadin haka, ya yi ta yawo da manyan fikafikansa don kare kansu - har ma da babbar kyanwar da ke da haƙoran saber dole ne ta yi tunani sau biyu kafin ta fuskanci irin wannan babbar dabba.
Na'urar sloth ta ƙasa mai girman rai ta Hualong ta kwaikwayi babban ƙusoshinta da manyan fikafikan ta. Wannan haɗuwa mai ban mamaki ta girma da kaifi, ta rashin tsari da tsoratarwa, ta bai wa na'urar sloth ta ƙasa wani yanayi na musamman a cikin nunin da aka yi da jigon zamanin Ice Age.
Glyptodon: Tankin Sulke mai sulke
Idan mayaƙin ƙasa shine jarumin Zamanin Kankara, to glyptodon motar sulke ce mai motsi. Dangin armadillo na zamani, glyptodon ya kai tsawon mita 3.5 kuma yana da nauyin kimanin tan 2. Duk jikinsa an rufe shi da harsashi mai kama da kunkuru wanda ya ƙunshi faranti sama da 1,000 na ƙashi mai siffar hexagonal - wani sulke na halitta. Kan sa yana da hular ƙashi, kuma wutsiyarsa tana da kariya daga zoben ƙashi - wasu nau'ikan, kamar Doedicurus, har ma sun samo asali daga ƙugiyar wutsiya mai tsini. Glyptodon ya fara bayyana a Kudancin Amurka kuma daga baya ya bazu zuwa arewa ta Isthmus na Panama zuwa Arewacin Amurka. Yana da tsire-tsire kuma yana tafiya a hankali, amma manyan sulkensa sun hana yawancin masu farauta.
Glyptodon ɗinmu mai rai yana sake ƙirƙirar wannan "tankin rai" tare da harsashinsa na musamman na ƙashi da siffarsa mai zagaye, mai kauri - yana ba da darajar ilimi da kuma kyan gani.
Fiye da Kwafi - Tashin Matattu
Daga yanayin gashin ulu mai kama da mammoth mai shaggy da ƙahonin biyu na karkanda mai kama da ulu, zuwa manyan farce na ƙasa na sloth da kuma sulken ƙashi na glyptodon - an ƙera kowane samfuri da kyau bisa ga binciken paleontological. An gina shi da tsarin ƙarfe mai inganci da kayan aiki masu ɗorewa, waɗannan halittu masu rai sun dace da nunin waje na dogon lokaci. Motsinsu ya haɗa da ƙyaftawa, buɗe baki, girgiza wutsiya, da numfashi cikin ciki - suna kawo ingantaccen yanayin jiki ga rayuwa.
Ko da yake zamanin kankara ya daɗe, waɗannan ƙattai sun sami "rayuwa" ta biyu - ba ta hanyar lokaci ba, amma ta hanyar son sani na ɗan adam da kuma hannun ƙwararrun masu sana'a.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-24-2026
